STUDI KOMPARATIF KERJA RANGKAIAN FLIP-FLOP MENGGUNAKAN NAND Vs NOR GATE: TINJAUAN ELEKTRONIKA DASAR DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM SISTEM KENDALI BANGUNAN DAN MESIN

Abstract

This research investigates and compares the operational principles of flip-flop circuits built using NAND and NOR logic gates, drawing upon a comprehensive review of relevant scientific literature. Flip-flops serve as essential components in digital logic architectures, functioning as binary data storage units. The selection of gate types significantly influences critical performance metrics such as switching speed, energy efficiency, and overall system reliability in the domains of electronics and electrical physics. This paper further examines the practical implementation of flip-flop circuits in building automation systems—such as automated lighting and alarm controls—as well as in industrial machinery, including process regulation and mechanical actuation systems. The analysis reveals that each logic gate configuration offers distinct advantages depending on specific application demands. NAND-based flip-flops typically demonstrate higher speed and lower energy usage, while NOR-based flip-flops are generally more stable in less complex systems. These findings contribute to a deeper conceptual foundation for advancing digital system design in civil and mechanical engineering applications.